A History of African Slave Traders

A History of African Slave Traders During the period of the trans-Atlantic slave exchange, Europeans didn't have the ability to attack African states or grab African slaves freely. Generally, the 12.5 million slaves shipped over the Atlantic Ocean were bought from African slave dealers. It is a bit of the triangle exchange about which there are as yet numerous basic misperceptions. Inspirations for Slavery One inquiry that numerous Westerners have about African slave masters, is the reason would they say they were ready to sell their own kin? For what reason would they offer Africans to Europeans? The straightforward response to this inquiry is that they didn't consider captives to be their own kin. Obscurity (as a personality or marker of distinction) was a distraction of Europeans, not Africans. There was additionally in this time no feeling of being African. (In reality, right up 'til the present time, people are bound to distinguish as being African as opposed to, state, Kenyan simply in the wake of leaving Africa.) A few slaves were detainees of, and a large number of these may have been viewed as foes or adversaries to the individuals who sold them. Others were individuals who had fallen into obligation. They were distinctive by righteousness of their status (what we may consider today their class). Slave masters likewise captured individuals, yet once more, there was no explanation they would innately consider captives to be their own. Subjection as a Part of Life It may be enticing to feel that African slave merchants didn't have the foggiest idea how awful European estate subjection was, yet there was a ton of development over the Atlantic. Not all dealers would have thought about the detestations of the Middle Passage or what life anticipated slaves, however others at any rate had a thought. There are consistently individuals willing to mercilessly misuse others in the journey for cash and force, however the tale of the African slave exchange goes a lot farther than a couple of terrible individuals. Subjugation and the offer of slaves, however, were portions of life. The idea of not offering captives to willing purchasers would have appeared to be weird to numerous individuals up until the 1800s. The objective was not to secure slaves, yet to guarantee that oneself and ones family were not decreased to slaves. A Self-Replicating Cycle As the slave exchange heightened the 16 and 1700s, it likewise became more earnestly not to take an interest in the exchange a few areas of West Africa. The gigantic interest for African slaves prompted the development of a couple of states whose economy and legislative issues were revolved around slave striking and exchanging. States and political groups that took an interest in the exchange accessed guns and extravagance products, which could be utilized to make sure about political help. States and networks who were not effectively taking an interest in the slave exchange were progressively off guard. The Mossi Kingdom is a case of an express that opposed the slave exchange until the 1800s when it started exchanging slaves too. Restriction to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade The Mossi Kingdom was not by any means the only African state or network to oppose offering captives to Europeans. For example, the ruler of the Kongo, Afonso I, who had changed over to Catholicism, attempted to stop the captive of captives to Portuguese merchants. He did not have the influence, be that as it may, to police the entire of his domain, and dealers just as aristocrats occupied with the Trans-Atlantic slave exchange to pick up riches and influence. Alfonso took a stab at keeping in touch with the Portuguese ruler and requesting that he prevent Portuguese dealers from participating in the slave exchange, however his supplication was disregarded. The Benin Empire offers a totally different model. Benin offered captives to Europeans when it was growing and battling numerous wars - which delivered detainees of war. When the state balanced out, it quit exchanging slaves, until it began to decrease during the 1700s. During this time of expanding insecurity, the state continued interest in the slave exchange.

International Aspirations of an Emerging Market Firm

Worldwide Aspirations of an Emerging Market Firm Arcadia, a Turkish machine maker constrained by Turkeys biggest aggregate organization named Crock Group. From the earliest starting point, Recall items the greater part of Turkeys apparatuses, including climate control systems, dishwashers machines, cooking machines, and fridges. In any case, since exchange hindrances declined in backtalk and backtalk, numerous contenders, for example, SSH, Hairier, General Electronic, Whirlpool, and Electrocute were compromising Recalls advertise share.In worldwide family unit machine industry, buyers will in general view home apparatuses as wares, and regularly esteem low costs. A few candidates convey little benefit and have long life expectancy, utilizing computerized fabricating plants and minimal effort work Is just assistance in short run for the makers. So as to sell in premium cost and increment overall revenues, some apparatus creators separate their item by Innovative, esteem included innov ation and highlights. Be that as it may, development is expensive. Which caused most significant machine producers started to globalize (Cassavas, Knight, and Rosenberg, 2008, up. 277-278).Arcadia sees its best possibility In developing, quickly developing markets in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Maybe Singapore could be one of those business sectors that permit Arcadia to be a lead player in the business as its points. Issues Economic in Singapore. Singapore monetary is the primary issue that draws in Arcadia to go into this developing business sector. Singapore GAP shows Gingersnap's purchasing power, which likewise influences Arsenic's items. Examination Economic in Singapore. As per Political Risk Yearbook: Singapore Country Report expressed; â€Å"real GAP development for the second quarter of 2010 flooded to anIncreasable pace of almost 19%, on enrolling about 1 7% development in the primary quarter, and that presentation has now situated Singapore to be one of the quickest developing economies on the planet. † (2010, p. 4). Singapore is one of the world's driving business places and a significant goal for remote Investment. The main explanation Is money related soundness In Singapore Is acceptable. Second, the legitimate and administrative system for the money related division is straightforward and effective. The administration impact in the segment is bit by bit being reduced.Third, hostile to debasement laws are solid and all around implemented. Additionally, remote and household Investors are dealt with similarly, and receptiveness to worldwide business cultivates intensity. With judicious and sound financial practices, the money related part has endured the worldwide budgetary disturbance generally well (Miller and Holmes, Para. 3). These ought to be sufficient motivations to draw in Arcadia entering Singapore advertise. Issues Singapore Consumer Lifestyle. The second Issue that Recall need to know before working together in Singa pore Is purchaser lifestyle.In request to know which items proper to buyer way of life in Singapore, Arcadia ought to be showcased accurately; progressing research in Singapore shopper way of life will help Arcadia arriving at their objective. Investigation Singapore Consumer Lifestyle. As per Global Marketing Information Database (GIMP), bring up that Singapore have their bustling way of life. They invest more energy in working, and investing less time in other thing else. As Gingersnaps become busier, the interest for comfort has been on the ascent. Hence, the family unit apparatuses should deals something that assist Singapore with sparing time, for example, microwaves and freezers.As Gingersnaps laborers possess less energy for basic food item jumping, having a cooler will assist them with purchasing more food. Similarly, microwaves will be extraordinary assistance to spare time in cooking for Singapore occupied specialist. Also, Singapore is very receptive to high-innovation wa ys of life, and innovation based items and administrations are incredibly mainstream. Then again, over the momentary the financial downturn will drive numerous buyers to be considerably more perceiving, and they will scan hard for the best arrangements (GIMP, 2011, Para. 1-13). Business chances in Singapore.The last issue that Arcadia need to concentrate cautiously is consideration chances in Singapore, including nation dangers or political dangers, culturally diverse dangers, business dangers, and money dangers. In spite of the fact that Singapore has lower pace of debasement than other Asian nations and its Singapore Dollar (SAG) is very solid, there is business hazards that should be thought of. Examination Commercial dangers in Singapore. Despite the fact that the Business Monitor International referenced that the Singapore Dollar (SAG) is protected, there are business hazards in Singapore.From Smog's data, Arcadia may adjust its items, costs, and advancements so as to limit bus iness dangers while working together in Singapore. What's more, there are a few contenders who as of now have specialties in Singapore should apparatuses piece of the overall industry, for example, LEG Electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, and Careful. So as to contend with those solid contenders, Arcadia could apply its favorable position, which is its information on the best way to create items for lower-pay nations. â€Å"It works 11 assembling plants in Turkey, Romania, Russia and China.Arcadia is an individual from the Koch Group of organizations, which holds a lion's share stake in the organization. † (Denominator, 2010, p. 50). Every one of those assembling plants permit Arcadia to deliver machines less extravagantly than certain contenders. The retailers in Singapore are additionally essential to Arcadias business. The primary retail chains selling home apparatuses in Singapore are Harvey Norman, Best Dense, Courts and Gain City. Huge retail chains, for example, Tasmania a nd Siesta additionally convey an assortment of significant brands of home appliances.Conclusion Arcadia ought to hope to be better in developing business sector, for example, Singapore since this region offers great chance to family apparatus organizations. Singapore has solid situation in monetary and consistently development in family unit tenants. Shangri-la ought to be pulled in by purchaser request by family units. So as to boost organization execution, Arcadia could contemplate Singapore customer way of life and adjusts its items to satisfy Gingersnap's needs. Recover has solid dispersion coordinate with near 4,500 sellers in Turkey and 366 on board.

The Workshop An Unprecedented Space For Trans Women Writers

The Workshop An Unprecedented Space For Trans Women Writers If you’ve participated in a conversation about the importance of books about marginalized and oppressed peoples that are actually written by the people from within these identities, then you’ve certainly seen someone give a variation on, “Well if you’re feeling underrepresented why don’t you just write a book?” The simplest reply to this is that the real issue isn’t a lack of writers but a lack of space for marginalized and oppressed writers in the book world. This summer a first-of-its-kind writers workshop for trans women is trying to move beyond an abstract desire for change to provide actual resources for change. Formed in direct response to the prevalence of cis authors telling trans stories and the poor record of inclusion for trans women from even “queer” focused workshops, The Workshop will bring together twenty-six trans women writers for a weeklong program on the Brooklyn College campus. Working with noted authors Sarah Schulman and Casey Plett, the participants will engage in an intensive prose workshop while building bonds of community in a world that often isolates trans women from other women like us. Recognizing the inequality of how privilege and oppression impact various communities within the large umbrella of “trans women writers” special consideration was made to reach out to trans women of color who often face more challenges and limited access than white trans women. To get a sense of the talent being gathered for this workshop and the importance that it holds for participants I recommend visiting The Workshop’s website where they’ve been sharing essays written by their participants. These essays reflect the wide variety of voices and experiences that are being brought together for the first time. On The Workshop’s website they state, “In planning this workshop our organizing team prioritized making it as financially accessible as possible and decided to providing housing, travel, printing, and food to anyone that asks for it. We will make sure any accepted applicant makes it to the workshop. We will not let money be the reason why a trans woman cannot get this educational opportunity.” While individual participants may hold their own fundraisers to offset their anticipated costs, The Workshop is currently fundraising for their own Universal Access Fund that is being used to provide direct assistance to participants. Contributing even $5 to this fund is the most direct way that you can be involved in this unprecedented gathering of trans women writers. This year’s workshop is being put on with the assistance of the organizational resources of Topside Press, a small publishing company dedicated to publishing trans authors, but the goal is that The Workshop will be able to move into a fully independent model for future workshops. If you’re in Brooklyn during the week of August 15th-19th there will be a series of public readings featuring participants and community members. Information about these events are available on the Topside Press Facebook page. Update:  Following several public and private conversations about community, accountability, and safety, this statement was posted on the Topside Press Tumblr. Questions? Contact Robin Hill at rehill012@gmail.com

Humans Are Influencing Climate Change Essay - 1234 Words

Humans Are Influencing Climate Change The issue is simple and rather obvious; climate change is real and a problem. With a changing climate comes rising sea levels, hotter days, and stronger and wilder storms, and long painful droughts. What most people can’t seem to agree on is whether or not human activity is playing some role in it. From media outlets to internet forums, the debate is being fought on all fronts. Most of these arguments, however, are just personal opinions and poorly-made observations from the comfort of a gas-guzzling SUV. Honestly, it doesn’t take a genius to look up a legitimate scientific paper and see the data for yourself. Human activity is influencing the global climate in a negative way, with plenty of evidence to prove it and very little disagreement in the scientific community. According to a recent study, humans having been causing global warming for about 180 years. The study reconstructed 500 years of climate to determine when the warming shift started. They found that the earliest stages of human-caused greenhouse warming began in the Industrial Revolution, mainly around the 1830s in the Arctic and tropical oceans, followed by change in North America, Europe, and Asia. At this time in human history, we has started burning fossil fuels like coal. This was used to power factory machines, and steam engines used in trains and steamboats. Fossil fuels originate from the remains of ancient plants and animals, and when burned, releaseShow MoreRelatedThe World Economic Forum ( Wef )1227 Words   |  5 Pagesprotect and hand on the planet to the next generation,† said the President of France, Franà §ois Hollande, at the World Economic Forum (WEF). But are humans acting in order to overcome this mission? Since the new technological and productive developments, conditioned especially after the First Industrial Revolution, a great charge of harmful impacts was influencing the sustainability of the planet. However, the casualness that man has undertaken in its actions towards the environment and even towards hisRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1274 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no myth concerning climate change, only vested interests arguing over humanities role in our current climate change event. By careful reasoning and logic this paper sets about systematically showing that not only is climate change real but that currently the planet is experiencing a period of warming that is without equal within any of our historical data. Most confronting of all is that humanity is significantly influencing this current event and has the ability to mitigate the consequencesRead MoreHuman Induced And Proceeds At A Rate1246 Words   |  5 Pages It is no surprise to anyone that Earth’s climate has experienced significant changes throughout history. Over the past million years, planet have been through several changes between glacier advance and retreat whereas the last one ended seven thousa nd years ago followed by the beginning of modern climate era and rise of human civilization (NASA, 2010). Majority of these changes were caused by relatively small variations in the orbit of the planet that altered the amount of energy that Earth receivedRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change could be described as any process that causes adjustment to climate system be it a volcanic eruption to a change in the solar activity. Today, however, the phrase is most often used as climate change caused by humans. Climate change is also used commonly with another phrase – global warming – reflecting scientific observations of strong warming trends over the past century or so. Indicators like rising sea levels, retreating snow cover and glaciers, longer growing seasons and shiftingRead MoreOrganisms Response to the Increases in Extreme Weather Events723 Words   |  3 PagesEVENTS The global climate has increased by approximately 0.6 °C over the last 100 years (Walther et al. 2002). This increased rate of changes is largely due to humans: the industrial revolution, the advancement of technology and burning of fossil fuels (Timmermann et al. 1999). This human involvement has gradually changed the natural order of the environment and many of its processes. Some of these environmental conditions are not easily predictable, as these climatic changes are also increasingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Global Climate Change1531 Words   |  7 Pageslast twenty years, the issues surrounding global climate change have become increasingly dominant in the international community, as the implications associated with the global issue pose many threats to the environment and humanity as a whole. Beginning in the 1970’s, scientific research regarding pollution led scientists to discover that chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) where destroying the ozone layer, posing th reats to plant and animal life, and humans as a rise in skin cancer followed. Luckily, theRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1185 Words   |  5 Pagesaverage of global temperatures have risen since the Industrial Revolution began. Since the Industrial Revolution, human emissions has quadrupled the frequency of certain heat extremes and many scientists have warned that a failure to bring greenhouse gases under control could eventually lead to a 62-fold increase in extreme heat blasts (Gillis Justin A17). Most of the increase is due to human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. These activities contribute to a build-upRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Disease On The Continent Of Africa1394 Words   |  6 PagesIdeas regarding disease tend to center around the idea that disease can be eliminated by a one-step cure. This viewpoint is flawed because it excludes other factors influencing disease. In this paper, I will argue that there are many factors that infl uence the presence of disease on a continent. More specifically, I will be focusing on Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the countries of Kenya, Uganda, and the Congo. To do this, I will explore publications focused on how the history of disease, colonialismRead MoreThe, The Marvel Of Evolution1419 Words   |  6 Pagesevolution possess incredible ability to survive extreme weather events and hostile environments with a simple body organization. Genome sequences of model nematodes have revealed that many genes and physiological processes in these worms are common to humans, higher animals and plants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their survival under adverse environments may provide new opportunities in developing novel strategies to minimize/mitigate the impact of global warming. Nematode communitiesRead MoreIs Climate Change Real?1177 Words   |  5 PagesIs Climate Change Real? Global warming, or what is now called climate change, is caused by the sunlight coming through the Earth’s atmosphere, containing greenhouse gasses, and becoming cemented between the Earth’s crust and Ozone layer. This causes an uncontrollable heating in the territory between them (â€Å"Global Warming Science†). â€Å"Even though these greenhouse gases hold the heat from the sun the greenhouse effect is what keeps the Earth’s temperature suitable for life. Without the greenhouse effect

Communication Between Sender And Receivers - 1539 Words

Shannon-Weaver’s (1949) this form is specially planned to develop the successful communication between sender and receiver. Also they find factors which touching the communication process called â€Å"Noise†. At first the form was developed to develop the Technical communication. Later it’s widely applied in the field of Communication. The form deals with a variety of concepts like Information source, transmitter, Noise, channel, message, receiver, channel, information destination, encode and decode. (communicationtheory.org, 2010) (communicationtheory.org, 2010) According to Lasswell’s Model (1948), in order to understand the process of mass communication one has to understand each of the stages. This model stresses on the fact rather the†¦show more content†¦(uwm.edu, 2014) Inclusive learning and teaching is about involving all our learners, treating them equally and fairly, without directly or indirectly excluding anyone, creating interesting varied and inspiring learning opportunities for all learners and ensuring that all learners contribute. Also make sure that learners are not disadvantaged by methods, language or resources, embed sufficient minimum core in lesson plan. Use wide range of teaching strategies and learning materials, give sufficient feedback to learners, positive attitude are develop and maintain, motivate learners and maintain safety and security teaching environment include inclusive. In addition we can choose teaching methods, resources and assessments to meet individual needs like dyslexia, visual problems, etc and we need to make sure that we have something in every lesson for the visual, auditory and kinaesthetic learners. In our inclusive teaching we need to have a balance of teacher- and learner- centred activities like exerci ses, essays, exams, assignments, course work, etc. (Gravells, 2012) B) Taking a lesson plan you have written, comment on how: †¢ You have taken into account any barriers to learning that your learners may have and what you have done about them (405:1) †¢ How you have used theories and principles of learning to enable inclusive learning and teaching.(405:2) †¢ Describe how you have

Hari Raya Festival Free Essays

Hari Raya Festival Hari Raya Puasa will be celebrated by the muslims after one month of fasting. Me and family as a muslims, Hari Raya Puasa is a special fasting on the month from foods and drinks from Subuh until Maghrib . This festival will be celebrate for month either. We will write a custom essay sample on Hari Raya Festival or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Malaysia, we can see the muslims early prepared for the becoming special day. They decorate their house, buying new clothes and making many types of food and cookies for the special day. The night before the special day arrived, my family and I as usual    a lot of activities happen same as the other festival. I can see my parents and my grandmother will busy making delicious food, while my little brother were enjoying themselves playing fire-crackers with other family members. The house    which is located far from the town especially, will be decorated with ‘Pelita’ arrowed the house. ’Pelita’ is made up from bamboo stick actually, but now people had invented a new kind of ‘Pelita’ which is made from plastic that is safe to used. The main menu for muslims on Hari Raya are ketupats,lemang ,rendang and many types of biscuit. These food can be seen other peoples and relatives houses. Usually, there must be held by the muslims. Different kind of races will be visiting their muslims neighbours house to celebrate together the special day. Lastly, I hope that Malaysian people can maintain that style. Every festival have their own specially. I also hope that from the coming years, Hari Raya Puasa will be celebrated more happening as I’ve done my job as a student. Amin. How to cite Hari Raya Festival, Essay examples

Green market and its impact on supply chain - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Green market and its impact on supply chain. Answer: Opportunity analysis and customer problem and solution The consumer market is extremely competitive. With the growing needs and demands of the customers, new offerings need to be made to the consumers in order to delight them. As more expats are entering the country , Oman, it was observed that this working population tends to have good financial background but are unable to spend their time in buying adequate supplements for them (Anantadjaya 2013). As lives have become fast paced, event the family segment finds it difficult to shop offline. For this reason and to solve this particular problem of the customers, the companies came up with the idea of a grocery store, which is available on the online platform and can be accessed just from the mobile phone or the internet browser. This application and website would be able to solve the problem of a variety of people and cater to the growing needs of the consumers. Business Description and Company Overview RationApp is an online grocery retail based business. It plans to cater to the needs of all the customers in the city and provide them shopping assistance. The online portal is available all round the clock. It is a virtual market place which facilitates easy buying and selling of groceries to tap the growing Oman consumer goods market (Pozzi 2012). The main plan of Ration App is to operate in Oman and later on spread throughout the neighbouring countries as well. Vision RationApp is a web based start up with limited number of resources but it has aligned its strategies with the given visions: To make RationApp available all over the continent To become the largest e-portal in Oman. Mission The mission of RationApp is to provide an online platform to the customers where the consumers can shop for their supplies and provide them with home delivery. RationApp is for those who find traditional shopping inconvenient (Warschun et al. 2012). Their primary motive is to provide convenience to the consumers and back the solution by quality. Objectives The main objectives of RationApp are: To serve the customers at the oddest of the hours To build a stable networks To provide customers best value for their money. To provide 24*7 customer service. Products and Services Offered RationApp is an online grocery store, which tends to link all the consumers and local suppliers present in Oman. It lists down all the products, which are offered by the suppliers. It enables both the sides of the supply chain by offering customers the service of ordering goods from various suppliers at the convenience of their homes and it gives a chance to the suppliers to serve the customers. The business also enables the customers to log in and book in bulk to get competitive rates. The subheads for the products offered can be given below: Packaged Salads Bakery Fresh Food Frozen Food Dairy Eggs Drinks Sweeteners Biscuits Confectionery Canned Food Cereals Oats Cooking Ingredients For Baby Cleaners Disposables Personal Care Batteries Mobile credit Pet Food Ownership Plan The store is headed by a Chief Executive Officer who is reported by a Chef operating Officers, a chief technical officer and a chief financial officer. These officers have various departments under them ranging from inventory, to marketing to finance and the technical web based aspect. (Refer to Appendix 2) Marketing Plan Marketing Objectives To raise brand awareness among the consumers and increase the sales. To increase the popularity of the store and raise the store revenue Target Markets The target market for Ration App can be broken down to three groups: The working class, the family and the big restaurants and cafes (Higgins 2012). The working class are the ones who have no time to shop in stores, the cafe owners are the ones who would like to take the advantage of the discounts and the family ones are the targets who would like to save time and gain discounts. Positioning The online store wants to position itself in the eyes of the customer as a reasonable priced store who tends to offer a high variety of good quality goods (Boons and Ldeke-Freund 2013). This positioning will help the company to gain competitive advantage: The system is advantageous as due to the fast-paced lives people want to save their time and invest it in better things rather than wasting their time. The business model tends to connect both the parties to a trade and provides perishable goods in their fresh state. Strategies The primary objective of Ration App to establish itself as a one-stop solution for all the problems relating to the grocery and other related supplies. It aims to build the image of the store and attract a large pool of customers. The marketing strategy of the store primarily seeks to raise customer awareness regarding the particular service that is offered by them. The main aim of the strategy is to gain customer loyalty and referrals. The company message is that it is a store that saves time and energy involved in shopping. Since it is a web-based application, advertisements will be made in television, applications, and social media and newspapers. A grass route level of marketing will also be applied where the consumers will be given put coupons in order to try the application or the online store for the first time and buy goods for free. This way they will be able to experience the service and gain knowledge (Baden-Fuller and Haefliger 2013). Marketing Mix Marketing Mix of the company involves, the 4p strategies used by the store to reach out to its consumers, the marketing mix of RationApp comprises of the following: Pricing:the pricing scheme is based on standard industry practices. In fat great discounts will be offered to the consumers. Distribution:The distribution network is extremely strong and all goods will be delivered before time. Advertising and promotion:As stated previously, the advertisement mediums will be the internet, social Medias, newspapers and television advertisement. Various campaigning facilities will also be held around the company in order to gain the attraction of a wide number of people. Customer service:Customer service is considered to be the key to the success. The employees and staff are trained adequately so that they can maintain the quality of the service being provided by them (Chwolka and Raith 2012). Marketing Research Before setting out the marketing plan, several focus groups were set out in order to understand the basic needs and demands of the target market and who should actually be identified as a target market. These research sessions helped adversely in the decision making process of the stores initial operations. The marketing research was also done by competitor analysis, which was done by visiting the competitors and analyzing their offerings. Strategic and Competitive Plans The business environment is extremely competitive today; therefore, it is extremely important for any business to have a soundproof strategy for the way ahead. Hence, to stay ahead in the competitive world, RationApp has three plans (Chan, He and Wang 2012). The plans are given as follows: Engaging in Marketing Research and Planning The company engages in extensive marketing research and planning whereby it constantly needs to look out for the needs of the consumers and come up with new plans and ideas that shall favour the needs of the target market. Whether it is a new product or a new idea, research is the key to success. This research is then incorporated into the planning of the store. Strategic planning helps the company to build a good image in the eyes of the consumers. Knowing customers better than competitors Ration App faces competition from big brands but it has to take out strategies to overpower them in the given country. For this purpose, the company needs to know and recognize its consumers better than the competitors and this task is quite easy to achieve in the world of data analytics (Brigham and Houston 2012). The purchasing history of the companies can be tracked and suggestions and re0stocking of the products can be done accordingly. Ration App follows this method to make sure that it does not lose its customers to the competitors. The following are tracked by the online store: Regular online and offline habits The size of the family and their preferences Their interests, passions , hobbies and assorted worries Avoiding reactiveness The reactiveness of the company must be avoided at all costs, as the company needs to create its own pat rather than getting into the path of the other companies (Arnold 2013). Operational Plan The business model RationApp is a common platform for wholesalers, suppliers and retailers as well as customers. The business promotes greater market reach and provides convenience to the consumers. Categories of Business The main model of the business can be divided into two categories: Business to Customers- This is meant for the customers in the household. This model is to cater the needs of the customers (Shi and Zhang 2014). This model is built to provide the best services to the consumers and providing hem the best quality products. The customer can browse the products through the various catalogs and order the selected items, which the firm then delivers to the customers at their doorsteps. The business primarily plans to spend all its resources in this. Business to Business This particular model is meant for the wholesalers and the retailers. The application also provides supplies to them. However, this is not their primary motive, it is a future idea. Business Process The business process is extremely simple. The whole process can be divided into the buying process and the selling process. In the buying process, the program permits the user to search the items and select the items that he needs the most. Registration This is an integral part as the seller needs to be registered year. The registration process is fast and easy (Laudon and Laudon 2013). Browse Through browsing, the buyer can have a look at the variety of products and select the ones that suit him the best. Select Before ordering for the product, the customer can pay attention to the Details, quantity, listing information, payment details and seller information Payment- The customer has a wide variety of options available to pay from. The customer can pay by cash, debit card, net banking, credit card, tickets or RationApp wallet. The company is trying to bring back the option of paying by PayPal accounts. Feedback Feedback plays an important role in the business. After the delivery has been done, the application asks for the feedback of the various customers (Jiang Yang and Jun 2013). The customers then give the company the required number of stars and advise the company to improve on certain parameters. This feedback is extremely important as it informs the suppliers about their performance. The selling process The selling process of the given application allows the retailers, wholesalers and the distributers to enlist with them and allow their products to reach the specific consumers. (Refer to Appendix 1) The supplier has to first register the company at a fixed cost, which involves steps like uploading the contact information, the user id and password creation, email confirmation and also enlisting the products offered. The supplier can manage the products that have been registered and also intake the feedback process as it helps to improve the process. The Revenue Model The primary revenue model for RationApp is extremely simple. The online application does not charge the customer for browsing the products (Beardwell and Thompson 2014). The application earns the browsing from a variety of sources like: The registration fee- Paid by the manufacturers and distributors. Listing fees- Paid by the manufacturer and distributor Service charges-Paid by the same customers in the form of the shipping charges, maintenance charges for its business Discounts- available to the parties depending upon the deals (Nilsson, et al. 2015). Advertisements- the Company allows various companies to advertise their product and thereby charges nominal fees from them. Operations Model Rations App works on two models, which are: Stock it yourself model In the given model, the business maintains its integrated warehousing system that helps to cater the needs of the different customers (Al-Nawayseh 2012). In this method, the firm has the ultimate control over the fulfilment process. As the business is comparatively new, they have kept a limited number of warehouses in the city. The second model is the Outsourcing warehouse model In the given model, the company collaborates with different logistics specialist companies who handle the task of shopping the different orders and piling of stock. As the order is received by the company, the information about the order is transmitted to the logistic company and they ship the product to the customer. Time slots for delivery Ration App offers different time slot offerings for the customers, which depend on the demands placed on the wants of the consumers. The different time slots offered are: 2 hour This is the best and the fastest time slot provided by the company. The products are delivered to the consumer within 2 hours of the order placed (Gatewood, Feildand Barrick 2015). No discounts are offered in the given category as the costs are extremely high. This is the most suitable for the working population who do not have any and order last moment. 6 hour The customers receive a limited amount of discount in the given category. This slot targets the family segments that require the product in a few hours. 1 day Customers using this slot receive high discounts as they help the company to reduce the transportation costs, which is from the warehouse to the consumers. 2 day The customers choosing this kind of delivery receive the maximum discount as they help the company to incur the minimum amount of transportation and the time to deliver is large which helps the store to pick up several orders in the area. Inventory Management Inventory is considered to be one of the most important segments and helps the company to a great extent in cost effectiveness (Best 2012). The main purpose of managing an inventory is to get the right goods at the right time to the right consumers and at the right cost. Lot size inventory The online store purchases the items in quantities, which are greater so that they can utilize the benefits of reduced shipping and other costs (Kotler 2012). The inventory of the store depletes gradually as the store fulfils the orders received from the customers and is replenished as and when new orders are received. Refreshed Inventory The online store replenishes the inventory as and when a particular set minimum level of stock is reached. The store constantly refreshes its inventories and it receives a huge quantity of products in the warehouses and delivers accordingly. Transportation Costs These are the costs, which are incurred on moving the goods from one place to another. These include moving the goods from customers to warehouses and between the various suppliers and warehouses. Logistics Network It can be stated that the logistics network of the store is interrelated to the activities of the company by: Mirroring the mission of the company Improving the efficiency of the information and material flow (Mullins, Walker and Boyd Jr 2012). Bringing the different sub-systems together. Management and Human Resource Plan Human Resource forms an important aspect of the organization and the following section provides a description of the major staff that is involved in the business. Roles and Responsibilities Each warehouse has its own managers who have various subordinates working under them. These subordinates tend to work under the supervision the manager who gives them the orders. Each warehouse has 10-12 subordinates along with delivery personnel who are involved in the delivery. Recruitment The recruitment of the given staff is done through newspapers and online websites advertisement. The staffs that are selected after the recruitment process is then trained (Hutt and Speh 2012). They are trained in various fields like customer service, delivery and quality services. Schedules The staffs works in two shifts. There is always an extra executive present to deal with urgent deliveries. Performance Reviews Performance reviews tend to help when the staffs is being promoted. The feedback as provided by the consumers is utilized and served as a backup for the reviews and based on these reviews, the staff is praised and paid accordingly (Armstrong et al. 2015). Recognition and Rewards The best performers of the task are given monetary awards and certificates to praise their efforts Every month a social gathering is held, where these best performers are praised. Team members who perform well are included in the annual newsletter of the company. The best performers of each project are provided with tickets to movies and shows Compensation and Packages The compensation and packages as offered by the company are based on industry standards and the company follows an incentive scheme to encourage the employees Financial Plans The financial plans will state down the various assets required by the company and also state down the initial costs required by the store to set up their business and also the sale estimations The financial plans have been attached in the excel file and also can be referred below: Start up Costs: Warehousing costs Rent Staff expenses Legal fees Inventory and transportation costs Web applications set up costs START-UP REQUIREMENTS Start-up Expenses Legal OMR 5,000.00 Stationery etc. OMR 2,000.00 Brochures OMR 1,500.00 Consultants OMR 1,000.00 Insurance Rent OMR 60,000.00 Research and Development OMR 1,200.00 Expensed Equipment OMR 5,200.00 Other TOTAL START-UP EXPENSES OMR 75,900.00 Start-up Assets OMR 10,000.00 Cash Required OMR 5,000.00 Other Current Assets Long-term Assets OMR 3,215.00 TOTAL ASSETS OMR 18,215.00 Total Requirements OMR 94,115.00 START-UP FUNDING Start-up Expenses to Fund OMR 75,900.00 Start-up Assets to Fund OMR 18,215.00 TOTAL FUNDING REQUIRED OMR 94,115.00 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up OMR 10,000.00 Cash Requirements from Start-up OMR 5,000.00 Additional Cash Raised OMR 3,215.00 Cash Balance on Starting Date OMR 10,000.00 TOTAL ASSETS OMR 18,215.00 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing Long-term Liabilities Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) TOTAL LIABILITIES Capital Planned Investment Investor 1 OMR 94,115.00 Investor 2 Other Additional Investment Requirement TOTAL PLANNED INVESTMENT OMR 94,115.00 Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) OMR 75,900.00 TOTAL CAPITAL OMR 18,215.00 TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES OMR 18,215.00 Total Funding OMR 94,115.00 Year 1 Year 2 year 3 Units 20506 35000 90000 Unit prices OMR 100.00 OMR 100.00 OMR 100.00 Sales B 2 c sales OMR 20,50,600.00 OMR 35,00,000.00 OMR 90,00,000.00 Direct Units Costs B to C sales OMR 80.00 OMR 80.00 OMR 80.00 Direct costs of sales B to c sales OMR 2,56,450.00 OMR 5,00,000.00 OMR 6,00,000.00 Performa p and l Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales OMR 20,50,600.00 OMR 35,00,000.00 OMR 90,00,000.00 Direct Costs of sales OMR 2,56,450.00 OMR 5,00,000.00 OMR 6,00,000.00 Gross Margin OMR 17,94,150.00 OMR 30,00,000.00 OMR 84,00,000.00 Gross Margin percentage 87.49390422 85.71428571 93.33333333 Expenses Payroll OMR 1,20,000.00 OMR 1,50,000.00 OMR 1,60,000.00 Marketing OMR 20,000.00 OMR 15,000.00 OMR 14,260.00 Rent OMR 10,000.00 OMR 10,000.00 OMR 10,000.00 Taxes Depreciation Others OMR 12,534.00 OMR 16,666.00 OMR 1,75,280.00 Total OMR 1,62,534.00 OMR 1,91,666.00 OMR 3,59,540.00 EBIDTA OMR 16,31,616.00 OMR 28,08,334.00 OMR 80,40,460.00 Net profit OMR 16,31,616.00 OMR 28,08,334.00 OMR 80,40,460.00 % 79.56773627 80.23811429 89.33844444 References Al-Nawayseh, M., 2012.Electronic commerce logistics in developing countries: The case of online grocery shopping in Jordan(Doctoral dissertation, Brunel University School of Engineering and Design PhD Theses). 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