Past Exams Questions for Business Strategy - 2162 Words

APPENDIX 3: PAST EXAMINATION PAPER Note to Students: Providing a copy of this paper does not signify that future papers will follow the exact same format. SAMPLE EXAM (Worth 50% of final grade) Note: Final exam format may somewhat vary. This final exam will use multiple choice questions. You will be required to answer 100- 120 multiple choice questions in 3 hours and enter your answers using the Scantron sheet that had been provided to you. You will get 1 point for every correct answer. You will lose 0.25 points for every incorrect answer or for making multiple answers to a question. You will not get or lose any points for leaving a question blank. For example, a student answered 100†¦show more content†¦The three fundamental questions of strategy are (vi) what is the plan (vii) who should make the plan (viii) how much time and resources should be devoted to planning (ix) all of the above (x) none of the above 14. Which of the following is not one of Porter’s 5 Forces (vi) bargaining power of buyers (vii) threat of substitutes (viii) resources and capabilities (ix) bargaining power of suppliers (x) threat of rivalry 15. Which of the following is false? Bargaining power of buyers is strong when (vi) buyers switching costs for substitutes is low (vii) buyers are well-informed about prices and products (viii) buyers threaten to integrate backwards (ix) buyers are small (x) the number of buyers is small 16. As per Barney’s article, the following 4 questions must be answered in order to understand whether or not the strengths are resources or capabilities (vi) the question of value (vii) the question of rareness (viii) the question of inimitability (ix) the question of organization (x) all of the above 17. As per the Hambrick and Fredrickson article, most strategic plans only emphasize one or two of the five elements of a good strategy (iii) true (iv) false 18. Parent companies (i.e., Corporate Headquarters) destroy value in 4 ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 ways (v) through synergy influenceShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed Business Environment1539 Words   |  7 Pagescompanies are doing business. The technology has given executives the tools to better understand their data. Decisions are no longer based on theory, but on data analysis leveraged by using algorithms. These algorithms allow organizations to understand trends and patterns based on historical events. Accountants have been stereotyped for many years as being anti-social, individuals who only deal with numbers. This stereotype could not be farther from the truth in today’s business environment. The abilityRead MoreThe Project Management Professional ( Pmp ) Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesthe letters PMP (Project Management Professional) plastered on a resume to catch some attention†. While the PMP certification is marketed to professionals holding college degrees, the question remains unanswered, is if fair to say, â€Å"professionals meeting the academic qualifications, can in fact, pass the PMP exam†? It depends on how bad they want it. In this day and age where everyone is doing what ever it takes to get an advantage over the next person so that they can receive the elusiveRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Strategic Issues Faced by Two Competitors in the Same Industry.1464 Words   |  6 PagesFaculty of Economic Business †«Ã™Æ'ليØ © Ø §Ã˜ §Ã™â€žÃ™â€šÃ˜ ªÃ˜ µÃ˜ §Ã˜ ¯ ÙˆØ §Ã˜ ¥Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¯Ã˜ §Ã˜ ±Ã˜ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¬ Syllabus Strategic Management (BUS 420) Muhammad Zafar Yaqub, Ph.D., MBA, MA (Eco.), MA (Pol. Sc.) Room No. 479, 4th Floor Department of Business Administration Voice Direct: +966 2 70470 Mobil: +966 565 466737 Email: zafar.yaqub@yahoo.com Skype ID : mzyaqub COURSE DESCRIPTION With the advent of the (global) marketplace becoming more and more dynamic and tough due to an ever-intensifying competition, a key determinant/antecedent of the firms’Read MoreNew Postal Service Exam 473-E Study Guide1300 Words   |  6 PagesNew Postal Service Exam 473-E Study Guide Strategies and Techniques for Scoring High Hello future postal employees, Congratulations! Purchasing this study guide most likely indicates you want to pursue a career with the Postal Service. In my opinion, you’ve made an excellent choice. As a retiree of the Postal Service, I can tell you it’s an honorable and solid career. At the end of your workday, you’ll know you’ve achieved something important. You’ll have that feeling of accomplishment. ThatRead MorePaper1333 Words   |  6 PagesAbout the Course Begin with CCNP Online Training with Exam Preparation Here is an open door for all the activity searchers and individuals who need to enhance their abilities, we give top-notch CCNA Online Training and CCNP web-based preparing and the Expert course CCIE Online Training for an ostensible expense. Its a course which is ensured by Cisco. This course will give you preference in the field of systems administration. Anybody can join this course on the web, and we give this classRead MoreMy Learning Journey1615 Words   |  7 Pagesefforts to achieve my aim by steps. If I am in trouble, I can ask my lecturers for advice to grasp the basic theories and skills. After I pass the first stage of exam, I will continue studying on accounting and apply for an accounting job as a part-time intern to improve my professional ability to be through the second stage. If I pass the exams, I will work in an accounting firm to accumulate practical -2- experience and improve my ability of accounting and practical English. Therefore, I needRead MoreResearch And Analysis Of Hr Recruiting Event For A Financial Analyst Position1709 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsibility to design, analyze and recruit for this position. This paper will include an executive summary about Discover Financial Services, the summary of the Financial Analyst position, job analysis, job specifications, recruiting strategy, interview protocol, selection strategy and compensation package. Introduction Job is one of the most important elements in a person’s life consisting of professional life and personal life. Therefore, recruiting process matters not only to the company, but alsoRead MoreLeigh Ann Walker, Staff Accountant1210 Words   |  5 Pagesgraduated from a major state university in the spring of 1989 with a bachelor’s degree in accounting.1 During her college career, Walker earned a 3.9 grade point average and was involved in many extracurricular activities, including several student business organizations. Her closest friends often teased her about the busy schedule she maintained and the fact that she was, at times, a little too â€Å"intense.† During the fall of 1988, Walker interviewed with several public accounting firms and large corporationsRead MoreDevry Sec 360 Final Exam955 Words   |  4 PagesDevry SEC 360 Final Exam IF You Want To Purchase A+ Work then Click The Link Below For Instant Down Load http://www.hwspeed.com/Devry-SEC-360-Final-Exam-04040444251.htm?categoryId=-1 IF You Face Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM Question Page 1 Question 1.1. (TCO 1) Security policy contains three kinds of rules as policy clauses. What are they? (Points : 5) Preventive, detective, and responsive Prohibitive, permissive, and mandatory Administrative, technical, and physical Read MoreHuman Resource Management Final Exam1431 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Qi Jiang Foundation MPHR 696 Final Exam Jan 23rd, 2014 Question 1: Collective Bargaining A labor relation is a key issue for organizations because the nature of the relationship between employees and employers can have a significant impact on morale, motivation and productivity. The act allows unions to be formed and exist as employee organizations that have the legal rights to bargain with management over various terms and conditions of employment. When a union is elected to

Terrorism And Its Effect On Society - 1296 Words

Terrorism is described as the wrongful use of violence to intimidate civilians or politicians for ideological, religious, or political reasons with no regard for public safety (Bloch, Hayley). Terrorism, used in Medieval Times to gain power and land, continues to be prevalent in a different way in today’s media. With modern sciences, technology and security have advanced. Although security has developed and we are learning more ways to protect ourselves, so has technology, allowing terrorist organizations to be ‘creative’ with their attacks. This advanced technology has caused the number of casualties due to terrorism to spiked since 2013 by 80% (Costa-Roberts, Daniel). Happening all over the world, at any given moment, people face this heinous crime intended to strike fear. A stereotype is that all terrorists, or people that use terrorism in hopes of change, are Muslim. This common belief is because, when Muhammad created the 5 Pillars of Islam (or Iman), a sixth was thought to have followed, called Jihad. Described as â€Å"holy war†, Jihad is a saying people often proclaim while carrying out these vicious attacks because they are doing this in the ‘name of god (Allah)’. However, those people are extremists. This 6th pillar refers to the internal and external efforts to be a good Muslim or a believer, as well to inform people about the faith of Islam; it was not initially a violent concept. Terrorism is connected to the Medieval times as well. After emerging aroundShow MoreRelatedTerrorism And Its Effects On The World And Society1385 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent definitions of terrorism. Terrorism is mostly associated with murder and killings by a certain religious group. It would mostly target a certain group of people or politics. Terrorism started with radical ideas of a certain party and it would slowly grow into an organization. America is not the only country who had experienced terrorism. There is Northern Ire land, Africa, China, and other countries as well. There has been one central main point about terrorism, that it would kill many civiliansRead MoreA Brief Note On Agro Terrorism And Its Effects On Society1799 Words   |  8 PagesAmericans have become so fixated on a 9/11 type of attack that many others modes of terrorism often go over looked, such as agricultural terrorism (agro terrorism). Agro terrorism can be defined as the intentional release of a disease substance that impacts cattle and other food supply chains that either generates widespread fear or impacts a the social economic climate (Chalk, 2004). The U.S. is vulnerable for such a disruption and cannot wait until an attack occurs before significant action isRead MoreAfter The Attacks Of September The Eleventh On The United1402 Words   |  6 Pagesstring of similar attacks and suicide bombings all around the world that terrorism has become a major threat to our planet. With the help of the media in dramatizing these a ttacks, fear of terror has become a major concern to people around the world. Terrorism has somehow played a major role in shaping our world in the twenty first century and the past decade. Some of the unimportant but time consuming effects of terrorism on the average person are the long security queues at airport that god onlyRead MoreTerrorism Is Very Real For Mnes Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesSadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, and the intensifying impact of terrorism on international business is a global phenomenon with implications for both theory and practice. The research question addressed by this exploratory study is how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to absorb and endure future terrorist attacks. This paper contributes to the internationalRead MoreCyber Terrorism And Threats Of Information System1688 Words   |  7 PagesCyb er-Terrorism and Threats to Information System National security has been top priority of the United States after World War II. This is due to the fact that the United States before this time was relatively an isolationist country with no influence in the world. As a result national security was not important, this changed post World War II. The United States found themselves among the top, overnight they went from being new and not listened to, to becoming one of the major players in the worldRead MoreIntroduction. This Essay Will Address Firstly What Is Terrorism1373 Words   |  6 Pagesaddress firstly what is terrorism and how does society preserve terrorism, how the police put up surveillance cameras to monitor Muslims and there community’s in Birmingham. Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and the London bombing on 7 July. As a consequence to the terrorist attacks of the above. Secondly how the British government and politicians have criminalised and victimised Muslims of their understanding of being terrorist, which is so delusional so many people in society have a resentmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Terrorism On Terrorism And Terrorism944 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Terrorism â€Å"The history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism,† (History of Terrorism). The history of terrorism is a long bloody road. One of the bloodiest of acts of terrorism in the early years, was the reign of terror. In which, the Jacobin leader, Maximilien Robespierre, executed 40,000 people. Newspapers coined the word â€Å"Terrorism† as a way of describing RobespierreRead MoreThe State Terror in Taiwan1566 Words   |  6 Pages The term terrorism is generally linked with images from September 11 and other attacks targeted on innocent civilians done by terrorist individuals and sub-sate group to influence state’s policy nowadays. Terrorists are portrayed as evil and unlawful while states represent the justice and legitimate side that against it. According to Jackson(2011: , more than 80 percent of the academic articles are dealing with non-state terrorism. However, as described by Jackson(2011: 228-9 in Jackson, R., MurphyRead MoreAnalysis Of George W. Bush953 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge W. Bush managed to change the country forever with a simple three letter word. President Bush gained numerous advantages following his renown speech. Many Americans lost their lives on 911 due to terrorism being used as a form of communication. Language is the cornerstone of all known societies and is essential for a country to thrive. Without language there is no understanding. Without understanding conflicts are in evitable. The Bush administration obtained a substantial amount of advantagesRead MoreThird, Terrorism Damaged The Concept Of The Land Of Opportunity.1264 Words   |  6 Pages Third, terrorism damaged the concept of the land of opportunity. The terrorism factor has changed the American approach to immigration as much as the immigrants approach to America. For the Americans, immigration has become a threat to the United States rather than an opportunity and an advantage. Normally, differing moral values and differences in cultural, socio-racial, economic, and political ideology each contribute to the differences between Americans aver immigration . But the 911 syndrome

Stereotyping The Nature of Prejudice - 1539 Words

A lot of people understand and have gone through stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Social Psychologists make a distinction between these by concentrating on either they include emotions, understanding, or attitudes. Racism is the influence, or reaction, visible feature of this triad. Racism includes a contradicting approach into individuals situated on their association in a specific organization. The psychological visible feature is stereotyping. Stereotypes are feelings concerning the characteristics of specific crowds or associates of those organizations. Prejudice includes attitudes. Discrimination is bad attitude toward people or organizations established on assumptions and feelings towards those organizations. An†¦show more content†¦Societal beginnings of racism associate the averages in our surroundings, the rivalry that lives amongst organizations, and the societal unevenness that survive in our planet. For the reason that classifying occurs commonly and is a beneficial utensil in a lot of forms, every person’s civilization is expected to acquire stereotypes. Ingroup partiality directs to mismatched treatment of the ones that we have classified just as the outgroup. As well as outgroup uniformity partiality blocks our view on the dissimilarities inside the outgroup. Yet our understanding about the traits of these outgroups and how solid our racism is counts on the specific civilization in which we live in. Racism and stereotypes bear beginnings in the pattern of our societal organizations. Humans are taught bad behaviors against organizations by acquiring the standards of their societal background. We are taught from our associates on which stereotypes are suitable. When participants in one study were led to believe that their stereotypes were different from those of their peers, those stereotypes were transformed to be more in connection with associate stereotypes. Assuming that our societal standards inform us that something on how racist we have to be against specific organizations. â€Å"Social norms dictate that we dislike child abusers, terrorists, and members of the Ku Klux Klan. And these groups are groups we have strong prejudices toward. OnShow MoreRelatedEssay on Is Stereotyping Inevitable?1740 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping are important topics at the cause of debating within social psychology. A stereotype is a generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits cling to all members, regardless of actual individual variation (Akert, Aronson, Wilson, 2010). As humans, people assign objects and individuals into categories to organize the environment. Individuals do this for not only organization, but also survival. Is stereotyping inevitable? That is theRead MorePrejudice And Stereotyping : A Social Psychological Perspective1160 Words   |  5 Pages Prejudice Stereotyping: A social psychological perspective The ability and desire to relate to someone or compete with others, is a fundamental norm and a common aspect in everyday life. The notion to discern ‘us’ from ‘them’ is a way we make inferences of the people we meet and engage with. These everyday inferences affect the way we think, use, and interpret information which guide us to behaviors and beliefs. We use prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination all too often andRead MoreStereotyping986 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Stereotyping In My essay I will discuss stereotyping and different types of stereotyping. I will discuss how in todays society people are stereotyped in different many ways. In today’s society, there are stereotypes for almost any groups that individuals belong to. At some point in any person’s life, they would have experienced stereotyping. For instance, it is often said that all African Americans are good at basketball, males are more aggressive than females, Lawyers are deceitful, and the listRead MorePrejudice1230 Words   |  5 PagesPrejudice Presented By: Nor Anisa Bt. Musa What is Prejudice? * Everyone comes face to face with prejudice at some time or another. * Prejudice is when we recognizethat we feel and act less positively towards others. * The roots of prejudice can be found in the cognitive and emotional processes. * Prejudice may be perceived as acceptable and justified * All inequality and differential treatment is not perceived and responded to in the same way. The nature and origins of streotypingRead MoreAppedix C673 Words   |  3 Pagestreatment of different categories of people or things, esp. on the| | |grounds of race, age, or sex. | |Institutional discrimination |Unfair prejudice against individuals as a result of the way an organization works or | | |delivers services. | |Political correctness Read MoreWhat Is Meant By Plasticity On The Context Of Neural Development And Briefly Describe How It Occurs As A Lifelong Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesHow can research on neurobiological dimensions of prejudice help us to design effective interventions intended to reduce intergroup prejudice and stereotyping? Research on neurobiological dimensions of prejudice helps us to design effective interventions intended to reduce intergroup prejudice and stereotyping because we develop a sense of empathy for the marginalized population. The brain has different structures that are related to prejudice: The amygdala activates stress response â€Å"fight orRead MoreCriminal Law And Supreme Court Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesapplication. Williams submitted a motion for an order authorizing him challenge the jurors, which was heard by Esson C.J, and filed the ruling of the previous judge as support. Esson C.J. of the Supreme Court of British Columbia accepted that widespread prejudice that could cause bias in the jurors against Williams, however did not accept that this bias created â€Å"a reasonable possibility of partiality sufficient to support a challenge for cause.† He did not consider that a juror would be influenced by anyRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pa gesDisabled. Does not have left hand. | Emotions | Is very emotional person, likes to laugh. | Likes and dislikes | Likes animals, nature. | Values and beliefs | Catholic. | 7. Describe yourself in terms of: Personal interests Religion / culture Geography. I am 25. Like sports, nature and animals. Love classic music and theatre, love my yoga class, it allows me to relax. My parents are Russians, so my religion is Orthodox. I was born inRead MoreThe Psychology Behind Prejudice : Humans Attitude1089 Words   |  5 Pages The Psychology behind Prejudice: Humans’ Attitude Jacinda Knudtson Antelope Valley College Abstract Prejudice is an opinion in which is not based on any reasoning, and may cause harm. Prejudice can be seen just about anywhere, and it affects our daily lives. There are many different ways a person can show prejudice beliefs, but why do they believe things they have never experience? Some may say it’s something personal with one’s self that causes prejudice thoughts, or some may thinkRead MoreStereotyping Results in Negative Behavior: An Opinion Essay1375 Words   |  5 PagesUnfortunately, stereotyping occurs far more commonly than people realize. Not all stereotypes are inherently negative; those that are descended from prejudice usually are. However, even positive stereotypes can have a potentially negative effect because they allow people to make assumptions about others instead of taking the time to find out information about others for themselves. In this regard stereotyping is very much a matter of perception, and usually results in erroneous opinions and belief s

Proposed Changes To Lease Accounting Under â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Proposed Changes To Lease Accounting Under? Answer: Introduction: During the financial crisis, many organizations are not able to adjust to real economic situations while complying with current accounting requirements. Economic reality is not reflected by todays accounting system. New standard for leases has been issued by International accounting standard boards that calls for the need of recognising the leases on the lessees balance sheet. The amount of leases is to be recognized as liabilities of leases that correspond with right of use of assets. Different decisions are taken with respect to measurement, classification, presentation and recognition of leases for both lessors and lessees that does not make the new standard fully converged. A dramatic change is presented to the balance sheet of lessees by the new leasing standard by updating accounting to align with certain changes in model of lessee and new revenue recognition standard (Bailey, 2013). Discussion: Significant efforts are not recognized under the current standard of lease as most of the lease transactions are off balance sheet. Organizations operating sector such as airline, shipping and retail segments have around three trillion euros worth of leases and record of same is not mentioned in the balance sheet and are labelled as operating leases. Recording leases value off balance sheet does not indicates that there will not be creating real liabilities. This makes them unable to quickly adjust to ongoing economic situation. Not recoding the leases in the balance sheets indicated that such organizations are maintaining lean balance sheets (Riley Shortridge, 2013). However, leased liabilities recorded off balance sheets were quite higher than amount of total debt reported in their balance sheet. All this contributed to not reflecting underlying economic in a better way. Operating leases is not featured in balance sheet of entities under current lease accounting and there is no representation of many liabilities and assets. Thousand worth of assets under agreement of operating lease that is nit depicted clearly in financial metrics lead to understatement of liabilities. This will not give real situation of organization and does not incorporate the ongoing economic scenario. The off balance sheet of reporting entities under former accounting standard were 66 times greater than their total value of debts reported on balance sheet. In regard to this, there were critics for guidance on current lease accounting. Reason that criticized is the fact that current standard allowed the future lease payments and other leased assets to be excluded from balance sheets of reporting organization. Moreover, for similar economic transactions, there was considerably different accounting as they used budget line threshold. Standards require virtual recognition of leased assets and payments that leads to presentation of deceptive balance sheets and all expenses related to lease were front loaded (Beckman, 2016). For the operating leases as per current standard, there is straight line expense and any increase in operating lease expenses are included and depreciation and amortization are included in the computation or measurement of profit. All such expenses are not accounted for or disclosed in balance sheets and in reality there are increased expense with increase in value of operating leases. Furthermore, under current leasing standard, there is no need to recognize the all leases in their balance sheet along with no obligations for future lease payments. Current lease accounting puts burden on organization for maintaining separate set of books for the purpose of covenant calculations (Cheng, 2015). All this make look balance sheet in a better position and making it attractive in investors eyes. In reality, there are increased debt obligations and higher amount of off balance sheets liabilities. For the airline companies, under the current accounting standard there is no level paying filed between them. There exist lack of making comparison and Airline Company to look different from its competitors leases most of its airline fleets. While some other companies in airline industry borrows or take loan for buying most of its fleet. However, the real situation is that there exists much similarity between their financial obligations. This is the reason attributable to the fact that there is no level playing field between such organizations (DiSalvio Dorata, 2014). The reason for that the new accounting standard for lease will not be popular with everyone is due to the profit factor. Two different expenses would replace rent expenses under new accounting standard for lease. Depreciation expense on leased asset and interest expenses on leased liabilities and this might make figures of reported operating profit look better. However, the reported net profit after tax has the possibility of reduction in early years of lease. It is recognized by IASB that its new standard for leasing will be out to controversy as there will be disappearance of cosmetic accounting benefits of leasing. Furthermore, for updating to the criteria of new accounting standard, there will be involvement of additional cost to companies. Making standard effective would require organizations seeking lease to explain significant changes in their financial statement to stakeholders and investors (Lin Graham, 2017). The current lease standard has missing information regarding leasing and various techniques are used by investors to add back operating leases on balance sheets. Nonetheless, rough calculations are done for such adjustments that may be way off the mark. The adding back process cannot be done by all investors and many times organization structures their obligations for lease for their virtual presentation making balance sheet look better in investors eyes (James, 2016). The underlying economics will be better presented by recognizing the leases as liabilities and assets in the balance sheet. There will be better informed investment decisions by this new visibility and the introduction of new leasing standard will bring the main changes that would be useful for investors. This involves organization currently having large amount of leases off balance sheet would require to increase their liabilities and assets on balance sheet by making leases amount visible and leading to improve trans parency of asset base and organizations leverage. There will be balanced lease versus buy decision management as some important differences would be noticeable in the income statements. New standard is central to investors in financial reporting programme that highlights the importance of making informed investment decisions by building trust in capital market (Meyer, 2013). As per the new accounting standards, organizations are required to do more than simply converting footnote disclosures relating to operating lease commitments to reflect lease liabilities and assets. Changes would be brought in the control, process, policies and system of information technology supporting lease accounting along with administration, procurement and taxation relating to lease due to the implementation of new accounting standard. Negotiation of contracts involving leases leads to the consideration of metrics and financial statements implication (Mellado Parte, 2017). Different departments across the company will be involved in this process. Judgements and estimates: Application of estimates and judgement is required as per the new standard and this can be explained with the help of an instance. Organizations are required to evaluate whether the definition of lease is meeting the arrangement calls for judgement requirements such as significant component of service. As compared to current standard, different accounting are required for treatments as per the revised lease definition. Judgement might require some other key decisions such as lease term and lease payments including the lease modifications accounting and evaluation of lease term. There will be increased scrutiny for judgement and estimates under new standard and this is attributable to the fact that for most of leases, the associated liabilities and assets will be reported in the balance sheets. Accounting at transition and post transition regarding leases has a different number of accounting policies involving the exemption of recognition for low value assets and short-term leases (Fe bruary, 2016). There are certain relief from transition as mentioned in the new standard such as reducing the burden of implementation. Informed decisions would be facilitated as it is dependent upon to company to understand such options. In order for organizations to ensure consistent processes and policies concerning judgement and estimates made for lease accounting require them to update their manuals and policies and at the same time guiding and educating on new standard (Arrozio et al., 2016). As per new standard, the present value of lease payments over the term of lease will be recognized by lessees on their balance sheet as lease liability. Certain variable payments are excluded from lease payment and the terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised are included in lease term options. While negotiating the payment and terms of lease, needs might be reassessed by lessees. Smaller amount of lease liabilities would arise from shorter term of initial lease and compared to fixed payment, there is higher variable payments proportion. An organization needs to be acquainted with potential impact of new standard on financial statements when entering into new leases as per new lease standard. From the perspective of presentation of financial statements of organization, the approached for minimizing the liabilities of leases can be advantageous. However, there are some business and economic risk associate with such approaches. While making any changes in lease contracts ap proaches, organizations should consider such changes in context of principal commercial requirements. For instance, it can be considered by organization for property plant to a lower liability of lease from shorter lease term against the longer-term access security. Moreover, other hesitant that can arise of side of lessors is taking additional risks related with shorter lease term and making variable payments. However, results of accounting should not form the basis of taking economic decisions and they needs to be acquainted with consequences of accounting relating to decisions of their business. Financial statements and metrics: Now, looking at metrics and financial statements of lessees, there will be gross up of balance sheet as per new standard. Compared with current accounting, the new standard would result in worsening of return on assets and debt ratios. Moreover, there can also be impact on certain regulatory ratios. Potential impact on financial statements and metric of company needs to be assessed by organization and they should also evaluate the ways it would affect the financial performance and position as perceived by stakeholders. The implication of new standards on the financial statements needs to provide education to internal as well as external stakeholders. During the transition period as per the new lease accounting standard, the needs to manage the communication of key performance indicators to stakeholders needs to be anticipated by company. Organizations are required to identify any changes that will be brought into the arrangement of debts and compensation of employees under the new st andard. It might he required by companies to evaluate the arrangement of existing debt and seeking continued use for current lease accounting by negotiating with creditors (Barone et al., 2014). Tax considerations: There will be additional considerations for tax as per the new lease standard. It involves understanding the alteration in existing position of tax due to changes in lease accounting, tracking of differences in tax payment and making adjustments to deferred taxes. For reflecting the new requirement standard, organization is required to understand specific tax jurisdictions (ztrk Seremeli, 2016). Conclusion: Much needed transparency will be brought by the adoption of new lease accounting standard on liabilities and assets of organization. Comparability between organization borrowing to buy and using lease would be facilitated by the implementation of nee standard. There will be inevitable arise in questions of application and interpretation relating to new standard implications. Financial metrics of organization will considerably change with the implementation of new standard that involves change in asset turnover, current ratio, operating profit, earnings before interest and taxation and debt to equity ratio. Debt covenants and cost of borrowing will be significantly affected by improved visibility of lease obligations. Nonetheless, the benefits associated with updating will outweigh the costs incurred in implementation of standard. References List: Arrozio, M. M., Gonzales, A., da Silva, F. L. (2016). Changes in the financial ratios of the wholesale and retail sector companies arising from the new accounting of the operating lease. Revista Eniac Pesquisa, 5(2), 139-159. Bailey, E. E. (2013). GAAP and IFRS convergence: The effect on lease accounting. Barone, E., Birt, J., Moya, S. (2014). Lease accounting: a review of recent literature. Accounting in Europe, 11(1), 35-54. Beckman, J. K. (2016). FASB and IASB diverging perspectives on the new lessee accounting: Implications for international managerial decision-making. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 12(2), 161-176. Bohuov, H. (2015). Is Capitalization of Operating Lease Way to Increase of Comparability of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with IFRS and US GAAP?. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 63(2), 507-514. Cheng, J. (2015). Small and Medium Sized Entities Managements Perspective on Principles-Based Accounting Standards on Lease Accounting. DiSalvio, J., Dorata, N. T. (2014). Lease accounting change: it's not over yet. Review of Business, 35(1), 16. Edeigba, J., Amenkhienan, F. (2017). The Influence of IFRS Adoption on Corporate Transparency and Accountability: Evidence from New Zealand. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 11(3), 3-19. February, I. (2016). FASB issued its new lease standard, ASU 2016-02, Leases. Gross, A. D., Huston, G. R., Huston, J. M. (2014). The path of lease resistance: How changes to lease accounting treatment may impact your business. Business Horizons, 57(6), 759-765. James, M. L. (2016). Accounting for Leases: A Case Exploring the Effect of the New Lease Accounting Standard on the Financial Statements. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 22(3), 152. Lin, K. C., Graham, R. C. (2017). How Will the New Lease Accounting Standard Affect the Relevance of Lease Asset Accounting?. Mellado, L., Parte, L. (2017). Determinants of corporate lobbying intensity in the lease standard-setting process. Revista de Contabilidad, 20(2), 131-142. Meyer, K. (2013). Accounting for leasing transactions: the times they are a-changing. Financial Executive, 29(3), 19-23. ztrk, M., Seremeli, M. (2016). Impact of New Standard" IFRS 16 Leases" on Statement of Financial Position and Key Ratios: A Case Study on an Airline Company in Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 7(4), 143. Riley, M. E., Shortridge, R. T. (2013). Proposed Changes to Lease Accounting under FASB's Exposure Draft. The CPA Journal, 83(6), 28.

The Positive And Negative Effects Of Dna Profiling Essay Example For Students

The Positive And Negative Effects Of Dna Profiling Essay The Positive And Negative Effects of DNA ProfilingJustin BroylesApr. 12, 1995Justice TheoryLance MillerGenetic engineering has developed and blossomed at a frightening rate inthe last decade. Originating as merely an area of interest for scientists,genetic engineering has now become an area of which all people should besomewhat knowledgeable. DNA profiling has many uses, both positive and negative, in our society. Aside from its usefulness in many legal investigations, DNA profiling can beused in the workplace to discriminate against employees whose profiles couldpose a financial risk. For example, genetic technology can and has been used todetermine the capacity of a person to contract certain diseases, such as sickle-cell anemia, which could cause many employers to hesitate in the hiring andtraining of such people. In the early 1970s, the United States began a carrierscreening for sickle-cell anemia, which affects 1 in 400 African-Americans. We will write a custom essay on The Positive And Negative Effects Of Dna Profiling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many of those identified as carriers mistakenly thought they were afflicted withthis debilitating disease. Furthermore, confidentiality was often breached, andin some cases, carriers were discriminated against and denied health insurance. Nevertheless, genetic profiling has been beneficial in paternity suits and rapecases, where the father or the assailant could be identified. However, despiteits growing number of utilizations, DNA profiling is extremely hazardous whenresults are inaccurate or used to discriminate. The frequency of genetic testing in criminal investigations (more than1,000 in the U.S. since 1987) has been increasing dramatically despite theinconclusive testing by the scientific community in many aspects of forensicidentification. A correlation between DNA patterns taken from a crime scene andtaken from the suspect has often been enough to charge a person with the offensein spite of proof that some procedures for testing DNA are fallible by legal andscientific standards. The complexity of scientific evidence, especially DNA profiling, hasalso caused many problems within the legal profession. It is no longer enoughfor attorneys or members of the jury to merely be knowledgeable about the law. People need to familiarize themselves with todays scientific research ratherthan relying on the credentials of a scientific expert witness. Too often, jurymembers become in awe of the complicated, scientific terms used in court andtake a scientists testimony as fact. Lawyers need to increase their scientificknowledge and keep up with ongoing research in order to competently question andunderstand scientific evidence put forth. But these do not represent the only possible downfalls of DNA profilingin criminology. The involuntary seizure of ones blood or hair undermines theconstitutional rights guaranteed to all citizens by the Fourth Amendment(protection from unreasonable searches and seizures). Nevertheless, many arguethat a DNA sample taken from a suspect could lead to an indictment or release ofthe individual and, thus, warrants an exception from the Fourth Amendment. Besides, one could make a plausible argument that, once held in custody, theseizure of a persons strand of hair does not violate a suspects FourthAmendment rights or rights of privacy because the hair is visible. However, the use of DNA profiling does not end in criminalinvestigations. DNA testing has ventured out of the courtroom in an effort toshow a genetic link between race and violent tendencies. If successful, thislink will do nothing but justify prejudice attitudes toward minorities,particularly the black race. Furthermore, such biological approaches towardscriminality do not take into account sociological factors, such as poverty, andwould inevitably lead to the practice of controlling minority children with theuse of therapeutic drugs or worse. For this and other reasons, courts of alllevels must implement harsher scrutiny in the area of genetic profiling and itsuses. .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 , .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 .postImageUrl , .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 , .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2:hover , .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2:visited , .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2:active { border:0!important; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2:active , .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2 .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0bb824557c76d706023411289eb01b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Principle Events In The Evolution Of The Earths Atmosphere EssayThere is also a current effort to create a national database of DNA,much like the existing database of fingerprints. Supposedly, the use ofnumerical codes will allow huge databases to search for a match of a individualDNA band. However, these matches are not 100 percent. This inconclusivecorrelation between DNA patterns has led to a heated debate which has culminatedin federal court with Daubert vs. Merrel Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. The ruling inthe Daubert case said that the acceptance by the scientific community is notenough by itself to allow certain scientific techniques into court as evidence,especially given the reality that a suspects entire future could hang in thebalance of a scientific finding. Many people have argued that the use of a national DNA databaseinfringes on the individuals constitutional rights to privacy. However, lawofficials have claimed that the

A Bone to Pick Essays - Death Customs, Catacombs, Cemeteries, Paris

A Bone to Pick Essays - Death Customs, Catacombs, Cemeteries, Paris Kayla Cardwell ARTH 2010-W91 Amy Evans 11-10-15 A Bone to Pick The catacombs walls are very structured in they way they were built, the walls hold a lot of history, and the catacombs today are a very large tourist attraction. The Catacombs are located in Paris, France. Paris is not all about romance and love. Paris medieval vibe was once overwhelming. By the seventeenth century it was in fact, so overwhelming that there were literally dead bodies filling the streets. They then had the idea to move the rotting corps into the underground limestone quarries that were made in the thirteenth century when Paris was being built. Louis XV tried to move all cemeteries out of Paris for this very reason. Churches fought for them to stay, as it is wrong to move the dead. Residents often complained about the overwhelming stench of rotting flesh that filled the air. Perfume shops in the area complained that even they could not operate business properly because of the unusual putrid smell. This continued for years, as nothing was done about the cemeteries unti l 1780. The remains werent just thrown underground never to been seen again. No, they were artfully placed on the walls throughout all of the underground quarries. The tunnels cover right at 4.3 miles under Paris. Mazes and twists and turns throughout are all covered floor to ceiling with neatly stacked bones including human skulls. Despite the obvious eerie nature, the catacombs are actually quite beautiful. Patterns were even created using the bones such as a cross and heart. A big storm hits Paris in the 1700s causing the ground to rise. The corpses of millions of Parisians rose with it at an astounding eight feet above the street level. The streets were literally being filled with dead bodies. Residents in the area were getting diseases from the water and other supply that was being contaminated by this. Between 1786 and 1788, city officials agreed to have the cemeteries moved to the underground quarries beneath Paris. Priests blessed the tunnels below before any of the remains were moved. Taking place at night, the bones were silently moved on carts followed by a parade of priests. There are now roughly six to seven million people buried within the catacombs. There were some disagreements of this by neighboring churches due to beliefs that the dead must stay where they were laid to rest. After disease and the sickening smell of the dead filled the streets however, this decision was a lot easier to make. Among the millions that were buried, there were a handful of famous people. According to Erin McCarthy, a writer for New York Times, A number of notable people buried in those cemeteries likely had their bones transferred to the Catacombs. The list includes writers Jean de La Fontaine (Fables) and Charles Perrault (known for fairy tales like Little Red Riding Hood, Cinderella, and Puss in Boots), painter Simon Vouet, and architect Salomon de Brosse (who designed the city's Luxembourg Palace) (McCarthy, Spending Time Among the Bones of Pariss Catacombs). The Catacombs today attract numerous tourists. Thousands upon thousands of thrill seekers come to Paris each year for the tour of a lifetime. It is now widely known as one of the scariest places on earth. After closing the cemetery off for burials, city officials decided it would make an exotic experience for tourists. For around $11 one can take the forty-five minute guided or unguided tour underground. Only few are allowed in at a time due to lack of oxygen below. Tourists are only welcome to 2.1 miles of the Catacombs. The rest of the winding tunnels are closed off and made illegal for public entrance. Apparently, it is quite easy to become lost within the tunnels.

Messerschmitt Me 262 Used by the Luftwaffe

Messerschmitt Me 262 Used by the Luftwaffe Specifications (Me 262 A-1a) General Length: 34 ft. 9 in.Wingspan: 41 ft.Height: 11 ft. 6 in.Wing Area: 234 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 8,400 lbs.Loaded Weight: 15,720 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Power Plant: 2 x Junkers Jumo 004B-1 turbojets, 8.8 kN (1,980 lbf) eachRange: 652 milesMax Speed: 541 mphCeiling: 37,565 ft. Armament Guns: 4 x 30 mm MK 108 cannonsBombs/Rockets: 2 x 550 lb. bombs (A-2a only), 24 x 2.2 in. R4M rockets Origins Though best remembered as a late-war weapon, the design of the Messerschmitt Me 262 began prior to World War II in April 1939. Spurred by the success of the Heinkel He 178, the worlds first true jet which flew in August 1939, the German leadership pressed for the new technology to be put to military use. Known as Projekt P.1065, work moved forward in response to a request from the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM - Ministry of Aviation) for a jet fighter capable of at least 530 mph with a flight endurance of one hour. Design of the new aircraft was directed by Dr. Waldemar Voigt with oversight from Messerschmitts chief of development, Robert Lusser. In 1939 and 1940, Messerschmitt completed the initial design of the aircraft and began building prototypes to test the airframe. Design Development While the first designs called for the Me 262s engines to be mounted in the wing roots, issues with the power plants development saw them moved to pods on the wings.  Due to this change and the increased weight of the engines, the aircrafts wings were swept back to accommodate the new center of gravity. Overall development was slowed due to continued issues with the jet engines and administrative interference.  The former issue often was a result of the necessary high-temperature resistant alloys being unavailable while the latter saw notable figures such as Reichsmarschall Hermann Gà ¶ring, Major General Adolf Galland, and Willy Messerschmitt all oppose the aircraft at different times for political and economic reasons. Additionally, the aircraft that would become the worlds first operational jet fighter received mixed support as many influential Luftwaffe officers who felt that the approaching conflict could be won by piston-engine aircraft, such as the Messerschmitt Bf 109, a lone. Originally possessing a conventional landing gear design, this was changed to a tricycle arrangement to improve control on the ground. On April 18, 1941, the prototype Me 262 V1 flew for the first time powered by a nose-mounted Junkers Jumo 210 engine turning a propeller. This use of a piston engine was the result of ongoing delays with the aircrafts intended twin BMW 003 turbojets. The Jumo 210 was retained on the prototype as a safety feature following the arrival of the BMW 003s. This proved fortuitous as both turbojets failed during their initial flight, forcing the pilot to land using the piston engine. Testing in this manner continued for over a year and it was not until July 18, 1942, that the Me 262 (Prototype V3) flew as pure jet. Streaking above Leipheim, Messerschmitt test pilot Fritz Wendels Me 262 beat the first Allied jet fighter, the Gloster Meteor, into the skies by about nine months. Though Messerschmitt had succeeded in out-pacing the Allies, its competitors at Heinkel had first flown their own prototype jet fighter, the He 280 the previous year.  Not backed by the Luftwaffe, the He 280 program would be terminated in 1943. As the Me 262 was refined, the BMW 003 engines were abandoned due to poor performance and replaced by the Junkers Jumo 004. Though an improvement, the early jet engines possessed incredibly short operational lives, typically lasting only 12-25 hours. Due to this issue, the early decision to move the engines from the wing roots into pods proved fortuitous. Faster than any Allied fighter, production of the Me 262 became a priority for the Luftwaffe. As a result of Allied bombing, production was distributed to small factories in German territory, with around 1,400 ultimately being bu ilt. Variants Entering service in April 1944, the Me 262 was used in two primary roles. The Me 262 A-1a Schwalbe (Swallow) was developed as a defensive interceptor while the Me 262 A-2a Sturmvogel (Stormbird) was created as a fighter-bomber. The Stormbird variant was designed at Hitlers insistence. While over a thousand Me 262s were produced, only around 200-250 ever made it to frontline squadrons due to shortages in fuel, pilots, and parts. The first unit to deploy the Me 262 was Erprobungskommando 262 in April 1944. Taken over by Major Walter Nowotny in July, it was renamed, Kommando Nowotny. Operational History Developing tactics for the new aircraft, Nowotnys men trained through the summer of 1944 and first saw action in August. His squadron was joined by others, however, only a few of the aircraft were available at any given time. On August 28, the first Me 262 was lost to enemy action when Major Joseph Myers and Second Lieutenant Manford Croy of the 78th Fighter Group shot one down while flying P-47 Thunderbolts. After limited use during the fall, the Luftwaffe created several new Me 262 formations in the early months of 1945. Among those becoming operational was Jagdverband 44 led by the famed Galland. A unit of select Luftwaffe pilots, JV 44 began flying in February 1945. With the activation of additional squadrons, the Luftwaffe was finally able to mount large Me 262 assaults on Allied bomber formations. One effort on March 18 saw 37 Me 262s strike a formation of 1,221 Allied bombers. In the fight, the Me 262s downed twelve bombers in exchange for four jets. While attacks such as this frequently proved successful, the relatively small number of available Me 262s limited their overall effect and the losses they inflicted generally represented a tiny percentage of the attacking force. Me 262 pilots developed several tactics for striking Allied bombers. Among methods preferred by pilots were diving and attacking with the Me 262s four 30mm cannons and approaching from a bombers side and firing R4M rockets at long range. In most cases, the Me 262s high speed made it nearly invulnerable to a bombers guns. To cope with the new German threat, the Allies developed a variety of anti-jet tactics. P-51 Mustang pilots quickly learned that the Me 262 was not as maneuverable as their own planes and found that they could attack the jet as it turned. As a practice, escorting fighters began flying high over the bombers so that they could quickly dive on German jets. Also, as the Me-262 required concrete runways, Allied leaders singled out jet bases for heavy bombing with the goal of destroying the aircraft on the ground and eliminating its infrastructure. The most proven method for dealing with the Me 262 was to attack it as it was taking off or landing. This was largely due to the jets poor performance at low speeds. To counter this, the Luftwaffe constructed large flak batteries along the approaches to their Me 262 bases. By wars end, the Me 262 had accounted for 509 claimed Allied kills against approximately 100 losses. It is also believed that a Me 262 flown by Oberleutnant Fritz Stehle scored the final aerial victory of the war for the Luftwaffe. Postwar With the end of hostilities in May 1945, the Allied powers scrambled to claim the remaining Me 262s. Studying the revolutionary aircraft, elements were subsequently incorporated into future fighters such as the F-86 Sabre and MiG-15. In the years after the war, Me 262s were used in high-speed testing. Though German production of the Me 262 ended with the conclusion of the war, the Czechoslovak government continued building the aircraft as the Avia S-92 and CS-92. These remained in service until 1951. Selected Sources Stormbirds: Me 262Me 262